As I promised to write some articles that I am interested in, here is the one about coffee, exactly of it’s history.
This is translated articles from ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5
According to the most popular legend, the tonic properties of coffee were discovered by an Ethiopian shepherd named Kalda, noticed that his goats, dense leaves eaten during the day and dark-red fruits of coffee trees begin to behave at night with excitement for no apparent reason. He told me about this strange case of the abbot of the monastery, and he decided to try the effect of unusual grains.
The abbot was struck by the power of influence and drink, in order to support the vitality of monks, fell asleep during the night prayers, he ordered them to drink the broth. Later, the monks learned to cook and grind grain. The resulting drink relieves fatigue, gave fresh strength.
The discovery of coffee is about the 850 GN Oe. but it is full recognition of his many centuries later. Initially, as a tonic decoction is used not roasted grains, and raw coffee berries directly. Later in Yemen started to prepare a drink from the dried ripe fruit pulp of coffee, get a drink – “geshir” (aka kishr) – the so-called “white Yemeni coffee” . The Ethiopians were finally expelled from the Arabian Peninsula in the XI century. During their rule the Arabs adopted many of the unique and rich culture Ethiopians, including the habit of drink coffee. At the beginning of the Arabs were preparing his way, far from modern. They crushed coffee beans and mixed them with animal fat and milk. From the resulting mass of the balls did that take to the road as a tonic.
Only in the XII century of raw coffee beans began to prepare the drink, and even centuries later, began to pluck the fruit of the coffee trees, dried corn, fry and grind, and the resulting powder is poured hot water. The Arabs were added to a variety of spices such as ginger and cinnamon. Also mixed drink with milk.
- In 1475 in Constantinople, opened its first coffee shop specialized “Kiva Han”. In Istanbul the same in 1564 opened the first public coffee house . Historians claim that an omnipotent vizier Mehmed Köprülü once a commoner dressed and went to a coffee house, to hear what they say about power. And as it turned out, had not heard any good words, and then Chamberlain ordered to close all stores, and coffee prevent.
- In 1511 the first attempt to ban coffee. A corrupt governor of Mecca (then located in the Ottoman Empire) declared illegal the use of coffee, believing that coffee lover can pose a threat to his power. The Sultan, who complained to the Meccans, he commanded to lift the ban and put to death the governor, declaring coffee “holy drink”.
- Wide dissemination of coffee as a beverage popular in Europe began in Vienna in 1683, and is associated with the name of the Ukrainian merchant (the former Cossack) Yuri Kulchitsky-Franz . At the climactic moment of the siege of Vienna by the Turks in the same 1683-Yuri Kulchitsky Francis, dressed in Turkish clothes, took the enemy cordon and led allied troops to the aid of the besieged city. In 1684 he received the title of honorary citizen of Vienna. In return, he asked him to give the Turks seized 300 bags of coffee beans. In fact, Yuri Kulchitsky was one of the first unrecognized classics of advertising. He personally promoted coffee, carrying him through the streets of the city in Turkish attire, invented the bagel, which crowns ate in retaliation the Turks, and in 1684 in Vienna, published a book of his memoirs, immediately became a bestseller in Europe. August 13, 1684 Kulchitsky opens first store in Vienna . He adapted the Turkish coffee to the European taste by adding sugar and milk and created the famous “Viennese Coffee” – a drink that has gained the whole of Europe. A couple of years Armenian Prokop opened the first store in Paris, and soon engulfed Europe this coffee boom.
- Johann Sebastian Bach wrote a humorous “Coffee Cantata” on poems by the German poet Pikandera, which was first performed in 1734
- In Russia, the coffee was under Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich and served as a remedy for many diseases, including migraines.However, it was the custom of drinking coffee associated with the name of Peter I. He is alleged to historians, watered by force “bitter swill” approximate. In 1703, opened its first coffee house. Catherine the Great not only drank coffee every day, but also used for cosmetic purposes: Mix coffee grounds and cleaned with soap and received “scrub” the face and body.
- In England the coffeehouses have long been considered men’s clubs. Women complain that men do not pull out of stores, in 1674, wrote “Women’s Petition against Coffee”.
- In the XVIII century, Europeans brought coffee tree seedlings in many tropical countries around the world. Now most of all coffee produced in Brazil, Colombia, Vietnam, Indonesia, Mexico, India and Ethiopia.
- In 1899, Swiss chemist Max Morgentaller made instant coffee. Instant coffee came into use in 40-x of the XX century [source not specified 291 days].
- Dekofeinizirovanie beans were invented in 1903 by a German Ludwig Rozemusom. Make this discovery it came about by accident. The vessel was carrying cargo of coffee, got into a violent storm, and the holds were flooded with sea water to such an extent that the ship was hard to stay afloat. The owner of the cargo was thinking that all was lost, but just in case, decided to include the coffee beans to the examination. Judge Ludwig Roemus determined that the coffee in order, but lost almost all of the caffeine.Subsequently, a successful German patent for his discovery in the United States. The wide popularity of decaffeinated coffee came in 1930.